CNCF Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD)

1. A developer is writing a Dockerfile for a Node.js application. They want to ensure the final image is as small as possible and does not include build tools like npm or gcc. Which Dockerfile technique best achieves this goal?

2. A company wants to run a data-processing container image that must be available on every node in a Kubernetes cluster, including nodes added in the future. The workload does not need to be scaled horizontally and must run exactly one replica per node. Which workload resource should the developer choose?

3. A developer needs to containerize a Go application. The build process requires the Go toolchain and several large dependencies, but the final binary is statically compiled and has no external dependencies. Which base image choice for the final stage of a multi-stage Dockerfile minimizes image size while keeping the container runnable?

4. A developer is writing a Dockerfile for a Python web application. The application reads its database URL from an environment variable DATABASE_URL. Which Dockerfile instruction correctly sets a default value for this variable that can be overridden at container runtime?

5. A developer wants to tag a locally built container image called myapp with the version 2.1.0 and push it to a private registry at registry.example.com/team/myapp. Which sequence of commands is correct?