Linux Foundation Certified System Administrator (LFCS)

1. A Linux administrator wants to permanently set the kernel parameter `net.ipv4.ip_forward` to `1` so that it persists across reboots. Which file should be edited to achieve this?

2. A system administrator has added the line `vm.swappiness=10` to `/etc/sysctl.conf`. Which command should be run to apply this change immediately without rebooting the system?

3. A Linux administrator needs to temporarily disable IPv6 on a running server without editing any configuration files. The change must take effect immediately but does not need to survive a reboot. Which command accomplishes this?

4. A production server is experiencing high memory pressure. The administrator wants to make the kernel less aggressive about swapping by setting `vm.swappiness=5` and simultaneously wants to increase the inotify watch limit to `524288` by setting `fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288`. Both changes must survive reboots. Additionally, the admin wants to place the settings in a separate file under `/etc/sysctl.d/` instead of modifying `/etc/sysctl.conf` directly. Which approach is correct?

5. A junior administrator needs to view all currently running processes on a Linux system, including those owned by other users, in a full-format listing. Which command provides this output?